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Jacques-François Blondel (8 January 1705 — 9 January 1774) was a French architect and teacher.〔Arnold 1998.〕 After running his own highly successful school of architecture for many years, he was appointed Professor of Architecture at the Académie d'Architecture in 1762, and his ''Cours d'architecture'' ("Course of Architecture", 1771–1777) largely superseded a similarly titled book published in 1675 by his famous namesake, François Blondel, who had occupied the same post in the late 17th century.〔Colognola states that Jacques-François Blondel was the grandson of François Blondel. This is not supported by Arnold 1998, Tadgell 1998, Herrmann 1982, Harrington 1982, or Braham 1980, pp. 37–39.〕 ==Career== Born in Rouen,〔Sturges 1952, p. 16.〕 he initially trained under his uncle Jean-François Blondel (1683–1756), architect of Rouen. Jacques-François was in Paris by 1726 and continued his studies with Gilles-Marie Oppenord, from whom he acquired a knowledge of the Rococo. He also worked with Jean Mariette, contributing to the latter's ''L'Architecture françoise'' (1727, 1738), as a writer and as an architectural engraver.〔Arnold 1998.〕 Blondel developed into a conservative and thorough architect, whose rationally ordered mind consolidated French classical tradition and practice. His first independent publication was the hugely influential encyclopedic work, ''De la Distribution des Maisons de Plaisance, et de la Décoration des Edifices en General'', issued at Paris, 1737–38. It contained 155 carefully engraved plates. His ''Distribution des Maisons de Plaisance'' and other engraved work attracted a commission to produce thirteen of the engravings for the festival book commemorating the ''fêtes'' that celebrated the wedding of Madame Elizabeth of France with Dom Philippe of Spain, published in 1740.〔Harrington 1982, p. 220.〕 That same year he opened his own private school in Paris, the ''École des Arts'', sanctioned by the Académie in 1743.〔Sturges 1952:16.〕 In the ensuing years a long sequence of architects profited from his discourse: Boullée, Brongniart, Chalgrin, La Guêpière, Desprez, de Wailly, Gondoin, Ledoux, Guimard and Rondelet, and to foreigners who would bring Neoclassicism home with them: the Anglo-Swedish Sir William Chambers, and the Dane Caspar Frederik Harsdorff. "Blondel was the most significant French architectural educator of the eighteenth century.....his objective was to establish design principles for domestic architecture that correspond to the classical principles already in practice for civil structures".〔Millard, 1993, p. 25〕 In his clear and rational ''Architecture françoise'', a four-volume work published from 1752 to 1756, he covered the past century and more of French buildings in and near Paris, setting them in their historical context and providing a wealth of detailed information that would otherwise have been lost. In the preface he remarked, "I have used simple terms and a popular style with the intention of being understood by layman and artist alike; having noticed that recent books about architecture are either badly organised or over long."〔Blondel, quoted in Sturges 1952:16.〕 He originally planned eight volumes, but only the first four were published.〔The intended contents of the eight volumes, including the four which remained unpublished, are summarised in the preface to vol. 1.〕 The work brought him to official notice; he was inducted into the Académie d'Architecture in 1755 and appointed architect to Louis XV.〔One of a number; he was not ''Premier Architecte du Roi''.〕 Though his executed body of work was small, mostly confined to work he executed at Metz under commission of the duc de Choiseul,〔His classical colonnades and entrance portal for the Cathedral of Metz were replaced by more acceptable Gothic pastiches in the later nineteenth century, but Blondel's entrance survived long enough to be photographed (illustrated in Sturges 1952:18 fig. 4).〕 his approach was soundly grounded: for Diderot's ''Encyclopédie'' he wrote the article on masonry,〔(Frank A. Kafker: ''Notices sur les auteurs des dix-sept volumes de « discours » de l'Encyclopédie.'' Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie (1989) Volume 7 Issue 7 p. 130–131 )〕 as well as architecture, and contributed nearly 500 articles between 1751 and his death in 1774.〔Schwab 1984, p. 491.〕 In 1762, he was appointed Professor of Architecture at the Académie, closing his own school and introducing his comprehensive curriculum to the Académie. His ''Cours d'architecture ou traité de la décoration, distribution et constructions des bâtiments contenant les leçons données en 1750, et les années suivantes'' began appearing in 1771 and ran to nine volumes by 1777, a volume of plates to each two volumes of text; the last volumes were seen through the press by his disciple Pierre Patte. His ''Cours d'architecture'' is sometimes referred to as the "Petit Blondel" to distinguish it from the "Grand Blondel", his ''Architecture françoise''.〔Benjamin Smith 1918, (p. 1100 ); Edward Smith 1904, (p. 239 ).〕 Blondel's practical, encyclopedic approach, largely ignoring the excesses of Rococo, had survived changes in taste and remained in the mainstream of French architectural training for several decades more. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jacques-François Blondel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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